Golden Age

platinum ← gold → mercury
Ag ↑ Au ↓ Rg	79Au Periodic table

Appearance metallic yellow
General properties Name, symbol, number gold, Au, 79 Pronunciation /ˈɡoʊld/ Element category transition metal Group, period, block 11, 6, d Standard atomic weight 196.966569(4) Electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹ Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 (Image) Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r.t.) 19.30 g·cm⁻³ Liquid density at m.p. 17.31 g·cm⁻³ Melting point 1337.33 K, 1064.18 °C, 1947.52 °F Boiling point 3129 K, 2856 °C, 5173 °F Heat of fusion 12.55 kJ·mol⁻¹ Heat of vaporization 324 kJ·mol⁻¹ Molar heat capacity 25.418 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ Vapor pressure

P (Pa)	1	10	100	1 k	10 k	100 k
at T (K)	1646	1814	2021	2281	2620	3078

Atomic properties Oxidation states -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(amphoteric oxide) Electronegativity 2.54 (Pauling scale) Ionization energies 1st: 890.1 kJ·mol⁻¹ 2nd: 1980 kJ·mol⁻¹ Atomic radius 144 pm Covalent radius 136±6 pm Van der Waals radius 166 pm Miscellanea Crystal structure Lattice face centered cubic Magnetic ordering diamagnetic Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 22.14 nΩ·m Thermal conductivity 318 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ Thermal expansion (25 °C) 14.2 µm·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) 2030 m·s⁻¹ Tensile strength 120 MPa Young's modulus 79 GPa Shear modulus 27 GPa Bulk modulus 180 GPa Poisson ratio 0.44 Mohs hardness 2.5 Vickers hardness 216 MPa Brinell hardness 25 HB MPa CAS registry number 7440-57-5 Most stable isotopes